Investigations occur in two forms: reactive and proactive. Reactive investigations take place daily and are the most common form of investigation. Think of the Police Officer who responds to a call for assistance after a crime has occurred. The Police arrive, speak with the victim and witnesses, locate evidence, and complete a report. If possible, an arrest is made at the scene or shortly thereafter. If a suspect is not identified or needs to be interviewed, the report is passed along to an investigator or detective.
Proactive investigations start with a tip regarding criminal activity and end with an arrest. The Police Officer or Detective looks into the information provided and attempts to determine if there is enough evidence to identify a suspect and support an arrest. Proactive investigations are conducted using undercover operations or confidential informants. The Police Officer must be careful to avoid entrapment issues. Opportunities to commit a crime can be created, but criminal activity cannot be compelled.
